饥饿不同时间后投喂对许氏平鮋生长及体成分的影响

在室内水温21.8~25℃条件下,将初始体质量为(8.87±0.16)g的许氏平鮋Sebastes schlegeli放养在50cm×50cm×100cm网箱中,饥饿0(S0)、3(S3)、6(S6)、9(S9)和12d(S12)后分别投喂30d、27d、24d、21d和18d,每组3个重复,测定其体质量、肥满度、脏体指数、肝体指数、摄食率、食物转化率及全鱼和肝脏主要生化组成的变化。结果表明:随着饥饿时间的延长,幼鱼体质量逐渐降低,各饥饿组鱼体质量显著低于同期对照组(P0.05)。恢复投喂后,S3组体质量、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组S0(P0.05),S6与S0组无显著差异(P0.05),而S9与S12组未能达到S0水平(P0.05)。S3组食物转化率(FCE)显著高于其余各组(P0.05),S9、S12组则显著低于对照组(P0.05)。饥饿状态下,各饥饿组鱼肝体指数与脏体指数显著小于S0组(P0.05));恢复投喂后各组肝体指数、脏体指数与对照组无显著差异。随着饥饿时间的延长,鱼体粗灰分含量显著升高(P0.05),水分与粗蛋白含量呈上升趋势(P0.05)。饥饿6d后,鱼体粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组,饥饿12d时粗脂肪含量比饥饿前降低了19.33%(P0.05)。恢复投喂后,各试验组间鱼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量差异不显著(P0.05)。S9和S12组中肝脏粗脂肪含量显著低于S0组(P0.05)。     

Effect of dietary replacement of fish meal by soybean protein concentrate on growth performance and phosphorus discharging of juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The 8‐week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) with soybean protein concentrate (SPC) on juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (10.70 ± 0.04 g). Diets were formulated to replace FM protein by SPC at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32 or 40% (designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively). Diets except T1 were supplemented with phytase at 2000 phytase activity U kg^?1. The results showed that survival rate, growth performance and feed utilization were not significantly affected by increasing dietary SPC. Fish fed diet T3 had higher feed intake compared to those fed T1, T2 and T5 diets. Whole body compositions of black sea bream were significantly influenced by SPC replacing FM except for protein, ash and phosphorus content. Condition factor of fish was significantly lower in T2 than that of fish in T3 group. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter was higher in fish fed T6 diet than those of fish fed T1 and T2 diets, ADCs of phosphorus increased with dietary SPC level up to T3 and then decreased. The results obtained in this study indicate that FM protein could be effectively replaced by SPC protein with phytase in diet of black sea bream.     

Predicting the age of fish using general and generalized linear models of biometric data: A case study of two estuarine finfish from New South Wales, Australia

Direct ageing of fish can be a laborious and expensive task when age estimates from a large population are required, and often involves a degree of subjectivity. This study examined the application of general and generalized linear models that predict the age of fish from a range of efficiently and objectively measured covariates. The data sampled were from yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis (Sparidae) (Owen, 1853)) and sand whiting (Sillago ciliata (Sillaginidae) Cuvier, 1829) populations from New South Wales, Australia. The covariates evaluated in the models were fish length, otolith weight, sex and location (the estuary from which the fish were sampled). Akaike Information Criteria were used for model selection and residual plots of the final models revealed a satisfactory fit to the observations. The best fitting model for each species included all covariates. An additional investigation considered whether general and generalized linear models that predict age from two different categories of biometric information outperform age-length keys with respect to subsequent estimates of total mortality from catch-curve analysis. The two categories of biometric information differed in the ease and cost with which the information could be collected. The first category only included fish length and location as covariates, whilst the second category also included otolith weight and sex. It was found that traditional age-length keys outperformed the predictive models that estimated age from only fish length and location, because the results from the models were prone to significant bias. However, when otolith weight and sex were added as covariates to the predictive models, some of them, including a generalized linear model with a Poisson-distributed response variable, performed similarly to the age-length key. Given that otolith weight and the sex of fish are cheaper to quantify than age from a sectioned otolith in many situations, general or generalized linear models may represent a cheaper and faster method of estimating mortality compared to age-length keys. Such models can also easily incorporate the influence of spatial, temporal and demographic variation.     

Comparative stomach contents and growth of the juvenile black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, reared in illuminated and unilluminated cages

The present study was designed to determine the positive effects of artificial illumination on the juvenile black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli , by comparing stomach contents and growth between juveniles exposed to light and those maintained in the absence of light. The major prey items for juvenile black seabream reared in illuminated cages were amphipods (IRI%=50.5), copepods (IRI%=44.7) and polychaetes (IRI%=3.0), whereas those for the juveniles maintained in unilluminated cages were copepods (IRI%=96.0), amphipods (IRI%=3.4) and polychaetes (IRI%=0.6). The specific growth rates (SGR) of the juveniles reared in illuminated cages (0.99%) were significantly higher than those of the juveniles maintained in unilluminated cages (0.78%).     

4种海水鱼淋巴囊肿组织的病理特征比较

取山东、河北、浙江等地感染淋巴囊肿病的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)、许氏平鮋(Sebastes schlegeli)、鲈鱼(Lateo-labrax japonicus)及纹腹叉鼻(Arothron hispidus),利用光镜和电镜技术及组织化学方法,对患病鱼淋巴囊肿组织的病理特征进行观察比较。结果发现,来自不同地区同一种鱼的淋巴囊肿组织的病理特征无明显差异,不同种鱼的淋巴囊肿细胞具有共同的特征:细胞膨大,细胞核不规则,细胞质内有嗜碱性的、呈Feulgen和Mann氏反应阳性的包涵体,囊肿细胞的细胞膜外有呈PAS反应阳性的均质囊壁,细胞质内病毒颗粒的大小200～220 nm,核周池内有高电子密度物质等。不同种鱼囊肿组织细胞的大小、细胞核的不规则程度、细胞质内包涵体的形态、细胞质内病毒粒子的分布状态,以及囊肿物的外观等有差异。虽然不同种鱼之间存在差异,囊肿组织共同的病理学特征仍可作为疾病诊断的可靠依据。     

池蝶蚌与三角帆蚌及其杂种F1的同工酶鉴别

通过对外来种池蝶蚌(C)、三角帆蚌(S)及其正反杂种F1的肝脏同工酶进行垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析了肝脏的SOD和EST同工酶谱带。结果表明,这两种蚌及其正反杂种F1同工酶的表达既呈现出一些相似的特征,又有明显差异。这四种蚌中分别有2~5个SOD位点,其中SOD-1为一强带且仅见于F1SC中,SOD-2在F1SC中为强带,但在F1CS中较弱,而其双亲中则无该带;SOD-3为一强带均保守的见于四种蚌中,SOD-4为一强带但仅在杂种F1SC中无表达,SOD-5为一强带但仅在池蝶蚌中未检到;在两亲本与其杂种F1中分别检测到4~6个EST同工酶位点,其中EST-4仅见于杂种F1SC中,EST-5在杂种F1CS中无表达,其余均有不同强弱的表达。     

不同结构模型礁对许氏平鲇幼鱼的诱集效果

用鱼类行为学方法，观测了许氏平蚰Sebastess chlegeli幼鱼在水槽内无模型礁和有模型礁条件下的行为反应，并统计分析了PVC材质的5种结构模型礁对许氏平铀幼鱼的聚集率。结果表明：水槽中无模型礁的条件下，标志区（模型礁设置区）的许氏平蚰聚集率为0，许氏平蚰选择光线较弱区域栖息：放入模型礁的条件下，5种模型礁均对许氏平蚰具有明显的诱集作用，群体重心在礁体周围移动，标志区对鱼的聚集率为56．7％-90％。方差分析结果表明：5种模型礁对许氏平蚰的诱集作用无明显差异，许氏平蚰对不同模型礁均表现出明显的趋集反应。     

盐度胁迫对许氏平鲇血液免疫酶活力的影响

研究了急性、慢性盐度胁迫对许氏平鲇体重及血液免疫相关酶活力的影响。慢性盐度胁迫实验表明，在盐度5的水体中，许氏平鲇体重增长率为负值，其余各盐度组（10、20、40）的生长指标与自然海水组（盐度33）差异不显著（P〉0．05）；随海水盐度的降低，许氏平鲇的溶茵酶活力逐渐上升，但当盐度降至5时，其活力与自然海水组无显著性差异；血液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力随海水盐度降低呈逐渐上升趋势。急性盐度胁迫实验证实，在盐度5、10的急性胁迫初期，许氏平鲇血液的各项免疫酶活力波动较大。溶菌酶活力在胁迫24h时达到峰值，之后逐渐下降；血液SoD活力在96h检测过程中呈高低起伏变化趋势；血液CAT活力在胁迫初期持续降低，12h后逐步稳定在较低水平，显著低于胁迫前血液CAT活力（P〈0．05）。     

环境胁迫对许氏平鲉和花鲈血糖、血沉降的影响

研究了运输、温度和空气暴露胁迫对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)和花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)血液生化指标的影响。60min长途运输使许氏平鲉和花鲈的血糖含量都有所上升，其中许氏平鲉的血糖含量在运输后24h基本恢复到正常水平，而花鲈的血糖水平在168h后可恢复到稳定状态。季节温度变化是引起春冬两季许氏平鲉血糖水平在经运输胁迫后产生差异的主要原因，春季(4月)经运输胁迫后鱼体血糖含量约为冬季(11月)的1．4倍。在温度梯度实验中，设定不同温度组(10℃、15℃、20℃、23．5℃、26℃)检测许氏平鲉血糖和血沉降的变化，血糖值出现峰值，而血沉降则随温度升高一直表现出上升趋势。在温度梯度实验基础上进行的空气暴露实验中，各胁迫组的血糖含量升高，血沉降轻微降低但整体变化趋势与温度梯度实验结果相似。     

低温胁迫对许氏平鲉补偿生长的影响

以体质量(60±10)g、体长(13±2)cm的许氏平(Sebastes schlegeli)为研究对象,在8.5℃水体中低温胁迫1周(T1组)、2周(T2组)、3周(T3组)后在20℃水体中恢复3周,研究其补偿生长。结果表明,低温胁迫后,T1、T2、T3组体质量、生长率均显著低于对照组(C1组,20℃);随低温胁迫时间的延长,鱼体脂肪含量逐渐降低,水分含量则逐渐增加,蛋白含量、能值与对照组差异不显著。经低温胁迫1周后,鱼体溶菌酶、SOD、CAT活力比对照组略有下降,但随胁迫时间的延长,3种酶活力均呈上升趋势。经4周恢复生长后,T1、T2组鱼体各项生化组分及免疫酶活力均恢复至对照组水平,而T3组的鱼体脂肪、水分含量及免疫酶活力与对照组仍有显著差异,T1、T2组实现了完全补偿生长,而T3组只实现了部分补偿生长。从摄食率、食物转化效率的变化曲线可知,经低温胁迫后许氏平的补偿生长效应主要是通过提高食物转化效率实现的。[中国水产科学,2006,13(4):566-572]